Valves

Section Code 2170 : Flow control, manually operated.

Back To Directory Sections

#2101062

Range of wall mounted flow control valves and trim kits (various finishes) with brass bodies incorporating a quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with various operating members (see model). The outlet of all models, except for the 38 882 xxx AXOR Uno model, incorporates a single check valve cartridge, (verified by test suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2). Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 70°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2101062
Expiry date:
31/01/2026
Size:
½” BSP (M)
Marking:
AXOR or Hansgrohe on wall trim
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
16 882 xxx Axor Montreux (cross top) 16 883 xxx Axor Montreux (single lever) 27 452 xxx Hansgrohe Fixfit (dome) 38 882 xxx Axor Uno (dome) 39 882 xxx Axor Citterio (single lever) 39 883 xxx Axor Citterio (cross top) Where xxx denotes the surface finish (which is a non-water contact part). It will always be 3 digits, which can be any combination of numbers and/or letters. As examples: 000 = chrome optic finish, 800 = PVD stainless steel optic finish.
Factor:
Hansgrohe SE
Company Name
Hansgrohe SE
Address
Auestrasse 5 - 9, 77761 Schiltach
Country
Germany

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturer:
Hansgrohe SE
Company Name
Hansgrohe SE
Address
Vor Heubach 1 D-77761 Schiltach
Country
Germany

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2101359

Range of concealed flow control valves with a brass body and trim set (various finishes). The product incorporates a ceramic disc headwork with a single lever operating member divertering the flow between 2 shower outlets or a bath spout outlet. The diverter has an off position as you change between each outlet. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2101359
Expiry date:
31/01/2026
Note:
This approval does not include a shower hose and handset,overhead shower outlet or spout outlet. The V-BOX A42263 concealed base unit is not approved in its own right
Size:
½” BSP (F)
Marking:
Vitra on backplate. Date of manufacture (Week/year) on A42263 concealed base unit.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
V-BOX A42263 Concealed Base Unit V-BOX 3 Way Diverter Only: Origin series: A42673 (Chrome). A4267326 (Copper). A4267336 (Matt Black). A4267334 (Brushed Nickel). Square series: A42670EXP (Chrome). A4267026EXP (Copper). A4267036EXP (Matt Black). A4267034EXP (Brushed Nickel). Suit series: A42685EXP (Chrome). A4268526EXP (Copper). A4268536EXP (Matt Black). A4268534EXP (Brushed Nickel). X-line series: A42696EXP (Chrome). A4269626EXP (Copper). A4269636EXP (Matt Black). A4269634EXP (Brushed Nickel). Model codes added September 2022: A42875 Suit Series-3 way A4287526 A4287536 A4287534
Manufacturer:
Eczacibasi Building Materials Vitra Faucet Division
Company Name
Eczacibasi Building Materials Vitra Faucet Division
Address
4 Eylul Mah. I.Inonu Cad. Duzdag Yolu1 No: 4 11300 Bozuyuk - Bilecik
Country
Turkey
Phone
+90 228 314 07 90

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2103001

Range of deck mounted flow control valves with brass bodies (chrome plated trim sets and various operating members - see models) incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2103001
Expiry date:
31/03/2026
Size:
½” BSP (M)
Marking:
DORNBRACHT on edge of face plate
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
Clockwise closing: 20000705 (single lever). 20001705 (single lever). 20002705 (single lever). 20000740 (dome type). 20000782 (single lever). Anti-clockwise closing: 20000706 (single lever type). 20001706 (single lever type). 20002706 (single lever type). 20000741 (dome type). 20000783 (single lever type). Models added May 2023: 20004782 - Clockwise closing (single lever type), 20004783 - Anti-clockwise closing (single lever type), 20005782 - Clockwise closing (single lever type), 20005783 - Anti-clockwise closing (single lever type).
Manufacturer:
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Company Name
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Address
Koebbingser Muehle 6 D-58640 Iserlohn Germany
Phone
+49 2371 433 0

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2103005

Range of flow control valves incorporating brass bodies, quarter turn ceramic disc headworks and NBR ‘O’-rings. Maximum working pressure 5.5 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2103005
Expiry date:
31/03/2026
Note:
This product is supplied without operating members.
Size:
See model
Marking:
Waterworks on spindle shield. Made in Germany, flow arrow, size and DVGW on valve body.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
Volume Control Valve (Hot): GU16VC: ¾" BSP (F). GU18VC: ½ " BSP (F). Volume Control Valve (Cold): GU19VC: ½" BSP (F). GU17VC: ¾" BSP (F).
Factor:
Waterworks
Company Name
Waterworks
Address
60 Backus Ave, Danbury, CT 06810
Country
USA
Phone
(203) 546 6140

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2109700

Concealed flow control valve with a brass body incorporating a quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with a single lever operating member. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2109700
Expiry date:
29/09/2026
Note:
This approval does not include a shower hose and handset or a spout outlet.
Size:
½” BSP (F)
Marking:
Vola on operating member. Vola on concealed body.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R010 R040
Model:
VOLA 900
Manufacturer:
Vola A/S
Company Name
Vola A/S
Address
Lunavej 2, 8700 Horsens
Country
Denmark

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2105027

Wall mounted, knee operated, self-closing flow control valve (chromium plated brass) incorporating a spring-loaded headwork with a single lever operating member, EPDM washers and seat. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum working temperature 85°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2105027
Expiry date:
31/05/2026
Size:
½” BSP (F) inlet/outlet
Marking:
Top rinse (brand of Zhejiang Sunmixer Sanitary Ware CO.,LTD) and WRAS on operating member. Flow arrows on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
F-901A
Manufacturer:
Zhejiang Sunmixer Sanitary Ware Co.,Ltd
Company Name
Zhejiang Sunmixer Sanitary Ware Co.,Ltd
Address
Science & Technology Industrial Zone, Chumen, Yuhuan, Zhejiang
Country
China
Phone
+86-576-87121119

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2111703

Range of wall mounted, concealed flow control valves with brass bodies, incorporating either one or two quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2111703
Expiry date:
30/11/2026
Size:
¾” BSP (F) inlet and outlet.
Marking:
Vola on operating member.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R010 R040
Model:
VOLA 2800V (With two headworks) VOLA 2900 (With one headwork)
Manufacturer:
Vola A/S
Company Name
Vola A/S
Address
Lunavej 2, 8700 Horsens
Country
Denmark

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2109021

Deck mounted flow control valve incorporating a brass body, quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with circular operating members and EDPM ‘O’-rings. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2109021
Expiry date:
30/09/2026
Size:
½” BSP (M) inlet and outlet
Marking:
Dornbracht on sliding ring.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
20000811 Deck valve
Manufacturer:
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Company Name
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Address
Koebbingser Muehle 6 D-58640 Iserlohn Germany
Phone
+49 2371 433 0

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2112061

Range of deck mounted, flow control valves (brass bodies), incorporating a quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with either a cross top or single lever operating member (see models). The products are supplied with a metal backnuts. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2112061
Expiry date:
31/12/2026
Size:
½” BSP (M)
Marking:
Dornbracht on edge of baseplate
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
20000882 – Single lever 20000883 – Single lever 20000892 – Cross-top
Manufacturer:
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Company Name
Aloys F Dornbracht GmbH & Co KG
Address
Koebbingser Muehle 6 D-58640 Iserlohn Germany
Phone
+49 2371 433 0

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2201038

Single inlet, flow control valve with a brass body, incorporating a ‘detent’ (push to on push to off) headwork controlling the flow. The product is supplied with a trim sets in various finishes (see model) Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2201038
Expiry date:
31/01/2027
Note:
The 45 770 180 AXOR One Basic set is not approved in its own right.
Size:
½” BSP (F) inlet x ¾” BSP (F) outlet
Marking:
AXOR on wall plate
Installation Requirements:
R001 R010 R040
Model:
45 771 xxx AXOR One Shut-off valve for use in conjunction with 45 770 180 AXOR One Basic set. Where xxx denotes the surface finish (which is a non-water contact part). It will always be 3 digits, which can be any combination of numbers and/or letters, as examples: 000 = chrome optic finish, 800 = PVD stainless steel optic finish.
Factor:
Hansgrohe SE
Company Name
Hansgrohe SE
Address
Auestrasse 5 - 9, 77761 Schiltach
Country
Germany

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturer:
Hansgrohe SE
Company Name
Hansgrohe SE
Address
Auestrasse 5 - 9, 77761 Schiltach
Country
Germany

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2203355

Wall mounted, brass bodied shower control valve incorporating a quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with a chrome plated trim set and operating member. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2203355
Expiry date:
31/03/2027
Note:
The 43283 (concealed valve) is not approved in its own right.
Size:
¾” BSP (F).
Marking:
Gessi logo on operating member.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
43283 (concealed valve) which must be installed in conjunction with 65247 (trim set and operating member).
Manufacturer:
Gessi S.p.A.
Company Name
Gessi S.p.A.
Address
Parco Gessi - Fraz. Vintebbio 13037 Serravalle Sesia
Country
Italy
Phone
+39 0163 454111

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2210703

Range of manually operated flow control valves incorporating either quarter or half turn ceramic disc headworks in brass rough set bodies, supplied with various operating members (see models). RZ models are single valves and PW models are sold in pairs. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar Maximum operating temperature 65°C

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2210703
Expiry date:
31/10/2027
Size:
½” BSP (M) Inlets and Outlets.
Marking:
Lefroy Brooks logo on indice or operating member.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
RZ/WL5000 – 1st fix rough with extended ¼ turn cartridge for lever valve (single). RZ/ML5000 – 1st fix rough with ¼ turn cartridge for lever valve (single). RZ/LB5000 – 1st fix rough with ½ turn cartridge for cross handle valve(single). RZ/FL5000 – 1st fix rough with short splined ¼ turn cartridge for La Chappelle lever valve (single). PWV078 – 1st fix roughs for cross handle wall valves (pair). PWL079 – 1st fix roughs for lever wall valves (pair). PWV082- 1st fix roughs with short spindles for levers (pair).
Factor:
Lefroy Brooks Diffusion Ltd
Company Name
Lefroy Brooks Diffusion Ltd
Address
Unit 3 Marston Road Wolverhampton WV2 4LX

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2207039

Range of concealed flow control valves with a brass bodies incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks. The valve can be supplied with a range of trim kits (see models) (model V607-ISL) or on its own (model V607-IS). Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2207039
Expiry date:
31/07/2027
Size:
¾” BSP (F) inlet and outlet
Marking:
SHS on underside of operating member
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
Concealed Flow Control Rough in Set: V607- IS -XX (RH Closing Headwork) V607-ISL-XX (LH Closing Headwork) for use with the following trim sets: LANDMARK TRIMS: V707-T -LK -XX Industrial Design Lever. V707-T -XK -XX Industrial Design X-Top. V707-T -LF -XX Pure Design Lever. V707-T -XF -XX Pure Design X-Top. STYLE MODERNE TRIMS: V607-T -TM -XX Metal Lever. V607-T -TMB -XX Black Chrome Lever. V607-T -TX -XX Cross Top. V607-T -TXB -XX Black Chrome Cross Top. V607-T -L -XX Lux Lever. V607-T -TD -XX Lux Cross Top. ROYAL CROWN DERBY TRIMS: V807-T M -XX Metal Lever. V807-T X -XX Cross Top. XENON TRIMS: V107-T 2 -XX Metal Lever. Where the product code suffix ‘XX’ denotes the surface finish. It will always be 2 or 3 digits, which can be any combination of numbers and/or letters. As examples: CP = chrome finish, URM = urban brass matt lacquered.
Manufacturer:
Samuel Heath & Sons Plc
Company Name
Samuel Heath & Sons Plc
Address
Leopold Street Birmingham
Postcode
B12 0UJ
Phone
+44 (0) 1217 662 200

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2209033

Manually operated thermally actuated regulating valves with bronze bodies and EPDM O-rings. Flow is controlled by a rising spindle headwork. Maximum working pressure 16.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 90°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2209033
Expiry date:
30/09/2027
Size:
1/2" BSP (F) X 1/2" BSP (F) - Crane D2890 DN 15 3/4" BSP (F) X 3/4" BSP (F) - Crane D2880 DN 20 ½” BSP (F) x ½” BSP (F) – Crane D2880 DN15
Marking:
Crane, model & temperature settings on caps. DN, PN and flow arrow on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
Crane D2890 DN15 Low flow. Crane D2880 DN15 Standard flow. Crane D2880 DN20 Standard flow.
Factor:
Crane Ltd
Company Name
Crane Ltd
Address
Crane House, Epsilon Terrace, West Road, Ipswich
Postcode
IP3 9FJ
Phone
01473 277 364
General Email
bwiggins@crane-ltd.co.uk

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturer:
Crane Building Services & Utilities
Company Name
Crane Building Services & Utilities
Address
46-48 Wilbury Way, Hitchin, Hertfordshire
Postcode
SG4 0UD
General Email

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2209332

Deck mounted flow control valves incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members, accompanied by a self-cancelling diverter with a dome type operating member diverting the flow between two outlets. The product is supplied with stainless steel braided silicone lined flexible connecting hoses and one outlet hose, as well as a further stainless steel braided PEX lined flexible outlet hose. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2209332
Expiry date:
30/09/2027
Size:
Stainless steel braided silicone lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” captive nut end connections.
Marking:
Gessi on operating member
Installation Requirements:
R001 R007 R009 R010 R030 R040
Model:
58244
Manufacturer:
Gessi S.p.A.
Company Name
Gessi S.p.A.
Address
Parco Gessi - Fraz. Vintebbio 13037 Serravalle Sesia
Country
Italy
Phone
+39 0163 454111

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2209063

Manually operated thermally actuated regulating valves with bronze bodies and EPDM O-rings. Flow is controlled by a rising spindle headwork. Maximum working pressure 16.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 90°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2209063
Expiry date:
30/09/2027
Size:
1/2" BSP (F) X 1/2" BSP (F) - Crane D2890 DN 15 3/4" BSP (F) X 3/4" BSP (F) - Crane D2880 DN 20 ½” BSP (F) x ½” BSP (F) – Crane D2880 DN15
Marking:
HNH, model & temperature settings on caps. DN, PN and flow arrow on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
HATTERSLEY FIG 2910 DN15 Low flow. HATTERSLEY FIG 2900 DN15 Standard flow. HATTERSLEY FIG 2900 DN20 Standard flow.
Factor:
Hattersley
Company Name
Hattersley
Address
Crane House, Epsilon Terrace, West Road, Ipswich
Postcode
IP3 9FJ

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2212037

Wall mounted, flow control valve (either stainless steel or brass body various finishes) incorporating a quarter turn ceramic disc headwork with a single lever operating member. The compression fitting is for use with copper tube complying with BS EN 1057. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar.

Non-metallic materials and components comply with BS6920 at 60°C

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2212037
Expiry date:
31/12/2027
Marking:
VOLA on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
VOLA S10-XX Brass, VOLA S10-XX Stainless Steel. Model VOLA S10-XX Brass and VOLA S10-XX Stainless Steel are available with different surface finishes. Suffixes indicate the surface finish and denotes: For Brass model: 02 = Grey, 04 = Light Blue, 05 = Orange, 06 = Light Green, 08 = Yellow, 09 = Dark Grey, 12 = Mocca, 14 = Bright Red, 15 = Dark Blue, 16 = Polished Chrome, 17 = Gloss Black, 18 = White, 19 = Natural Brass, 20 = Brushed Chrome, 21 = Carmine Red, 25 = Pink, 27 = Matt Black, 28 = Matt White, 60 = Black, 62 = Deep Black, 63 = Copper, 65 = Gold, 68 = Nickel. For Stainless Steel model: 40 = Stainless Steel, 61 = Brushed Black, 64 = Brushed Copper, 70 = Brushed Gold.
Manufacturer:
Vola A/S
Company Name
Vola A/S
Address
Lunavej 2, 8700 Horsens
Country
Denmark

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2301010

Range of manually operated flow control valves with stainless steel (DN80 – DN150) or epoxy coated ductile iron bodies (DN200 – DN400). Maximum working pressure 10.0 to 40.0 bar, please refer to model. Cold water use only. From April 2023 the products have a maximum operating temperature of 65°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2301010
Expiry date:
31/01/2028
Size:
DN80 to DN400 Flanged
Marking:
ACMO, DN, PN, date of manufacture (YYYY) and model on adhesive label on body. ACMO, DN, PN and Flow Arrow on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar: FIG800i/0080 FIG800i/0100 FIG800i/0150 FIG800/0200 FIG800/0250 FIG800/0300 FIG800/0350 FIG800/0400 Maximum working pressure 16.0 bar: FIG801i/0080 FIG801i/0100 FIG801i/0150 FIG801/0200 FIG801/0250 FIG801/0300 FIG801/0350 FIG801/0400 Maximum working pressure 25.0 bar: FIG802i/0080 FIG802i/0100 FIG802i/0150 FIG802/0200 FIG802/0250 FIG802/0300 FIG802/0350 FIG802/0400 Maximum working pressure 40.0 bar: FIG803i/0080 FIG803i/0100 FIG803i/0150
Manufacturer:
AC.MO SRL
Company Name
AC.MO SRL
Address
Via T. Da Modena 28, 31056 Roncade (TV)
Country
Italy

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2301030

Range of self-closing concealed or exposed shower and tap valves (brass or chromium plated brass) incorporating a spring-loaded headwork with a dome type operating member (all models except for 741777 & 748715 models which do not have an operating member). The 748715 model is supplied with a brass backnut. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar.

Non-metallic materials and components comply with BS6920 at 60°C

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2301030
Expiry date:
31/01/2028
Note:
This approval does not include an overhead shower or a shower hose and handset, or spout outlet.
Size:
½” BSP (M) inlet and outlet.
Marking:
Delabie on body or operating member. Flow arrow on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001 R040
Model:
Temposoft2 Range: Exposed valves (chromium plated brass): 748800 (shower valve - angled), 747800 (shower valve - straight), 748715 (tap valve - angled). Concealed valves (brass body, chrome plated trim): 749428 (shower valve), 749870 (shower valve). Concealed valve (brass body): 741777 (tap valve).
Factor:
Delabie Ltd.
Company Name
Delabie Ltd.
Address
1-3 Henderson House Hithercroft Road Wallingford
Postcode
OX10 9DG
Country
Oxfordshire
Phone
+44 1491 824 449

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturer:
Delabie S.A.
Company Name
Delabie S.A.
Address
18,rue du Marechal Foch, F-80130 Friville cedex, France
Phone
+33(0) 3 22 60 22 72

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2304053

Range of manually operated double regulation and commissioning valves with gunmetal bodies, incorporating a PTFE sealing ring and EPDM ‘O’- rings. Flow is controlled via a non-rising spindle headwork. Maximum working pressure 25.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 90°C.

Section:
2170 Valves
Section Subtitle:
Flow control, manually operated.
WRAS Approval Number:
2304053
Expiry date:
30/04/2028
Size:
⅜” BSP (F) - 2” BSP (F) inlets and outlets.
Marking:
Oventrop and size on operating member. PN, OV and flow arrow on body.
Installation Requirements:
R001
Model:
Hydrocontrol VTR Range: 1060103 - DN10 - ⅜”, 1060104 - DN15 - ½”, 1060106 - DN20 - ¾”, 1060108 - DN25 - 1”, 1060110 - DN32 - 1 ¼”, 1060112 - DN40 - 1 ½” & 1060116 - DN50 - 2”.
Factor:
Oventrop GmbH & Co KG
Company Name
Oventrop GmbH & Co KG
Address
Paul-Oventrop-Strasse 1, 59939 Olsberg
Country
Germany

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval



Back To Directory Sections

Page 2 of 3

We use cookies to give you the best possible experience with WRAS. Some are essential to provide website functions and ensure the website is secure. We also use cookies to help us understand how people use the site and to make improvements. Click "Accept All" to enable recommended settings or click "Manage cookies" to adjust your settings. For more details, see our Cookie Policy.