Directory Search Results

Print List

#2109907

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies (various finishes) incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with cross-top operating members. The inlet hose assemblies incorporate a servicing valve and is supplied with a single check valve assembly verified by test (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2). The spout outlets incorporate a plastic flow straightener. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2109907
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM hose assemblies incorporating ½” captive nut end connections/15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/09/2026
Model:
K SNK EF C - (Chrome) K SNK EF C TO - (Chrome Tap Only) K SNK EF BN - (Brush Nickle) K SNK EF BN TO - (Brush Nickle Tap Only) K SNK EF ARBZ - (Antique Bronze) K SNK EF ARBZ TO - (Antique Bronze Tap Only)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2111906

Range of single-hole, single outlet, swivel combination tap assemblies (chromium plated brass), incorporating a ceramic cartridge headworks with a single lever operating member. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with a fixing kit that incorporates isolation valves with single check valve assemblies (verified by test - suitable for backflow protection against fluid Category 2). Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2111906
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assembly with ½” captive nut end connections and 15 compression isolation valve.
Marking:
Bristan on the operating member
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/11/2026
Model:
J SFSNK EF C J SFSNK EF C TO (Tap only)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2112902

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies with brass bodies (various finishes, see model), incorporating a ceramic cartridge headwork with a single lever operating member. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. Supplied with single check valves that incorporates a servicing valve. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2112902
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” captibe nut end connections.
Marking:
Bristan on the operating member
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/12/2026
Model:
VG SNK EF C - (Chrome) VG SNK EF C TO - (Chrome Tap Only) VG SNK EF BN - (Brush Nickle) VG SNK EF BN TO - (Brush Nickle Tap Only)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2201900

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies (chrome finish), incorporating a ceramic cartridge headwork with a single lever operating member. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with a fixing kit that incorporates isolation valves with single check valve assemblies (verified by test - suitable for backflow protection against fluid Category 2). Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2201900
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assembly with ½” captive nut end connections and 15 compression isolation valves.
Marking:
Bristan on operating member
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/01/2027
Model:
RU SNK EF C & RU SNK EF C TO (TAP ONLY)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2204904

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies brass bodies (various finishes, see model), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disk headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic aerator. The product is supplied with an approved fixing kit that incorporates isolation valves with single check valve assemblies (verified by test - suitable for backflow protection against fluid Category 2). Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2204904
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assembly with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections and a 15mm compression isolation valve,
Marking:
Bristan on tap body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/04/2027
Model:
AR SNK EF C AR SNK EF C TO (tap only) AR SNK EF BN AR SNK EF BN TO (tap only) Model added 1st February 2026 RP3 AR SNK EF C The following letters denotes the finish: C = Chrome BN = Brushed Nickel

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2205909

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies (various finishes), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disk headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. Supplied with an approved fixing kit that incorporates isolation valves with single check valve assemblies (verified by test - suitable for backflow protection against fluid Category 2). Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2205909
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assembly with ½” captive nut end connections and 15 compression isolation valves.
Marking:
Bristan on body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/05/2027
Model:
MH SNK EF C (Chrome) MH SNK EF C TO (Chrome Tap Only) MH SNK EF BN (Brush Nickel) MH SNK EF BN TO (Brush Nickel Tap Only) MH SNK EF BGE (Beige) MH SNK EF BGE TO (Beige Tap Only) MH SNK EF MOC (Mocca) MH SNK EF MOC TO (Mocca Tap Only) MH SNK EF WHT (White) MH SNK EF WHT TO (White Tap Only) BQHYD EFSNK 969JK Model added February 2026 RP3 MH SNK EF C

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2206902

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies, brass bodies with (various finishes), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with an approved installation kit consisting of stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections with 15mm compression single check valve assembly (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2) verified by test that also incorporates an isolation valve, intended for installation at each inlet. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2206902
Size:
Stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections x 15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on tap body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/06/2027
Model:
RS SNK EF C RS SNK EF BN BQFRA EFSNK C

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2206914

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies, brass bodies with (various finishes), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with an approved installation kit consisting of stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections with 15mm compression single check valve assembly (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2) verified by test that also incorporates an isolation valve, intended for installation at each inlet. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2206914
Size:
Stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections x 15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on Indices
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/06/2027
Model:
RS SNK EF BB (Brushed Brass)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2109918

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies (various finishes) incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with cross-top operating members. The inlet hose assemblies incorporate a servicing valve and is supplied with a single check valve assembly verified by test (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2). The spout outlets incorporate a plastic flow straightener. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2109918
Size:
Stainless steel braided EPDM hose assemblies incorporating ½” captive nut end connections/15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/09/2026
Model:
RP3 K SNK EF C - (Chrome)

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2206916

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies, brass bodies with (various finishes), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with an approved installation kit consisting of stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections with 15mm compression single check valve assembly (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2) verified by test that also incorporates an isolation valve, intended for installation at each inlet. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2206916
Size:
Stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections x 15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on tap body
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/06/2027
Model:
RP3 RS SNK EF C

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#2206917

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies, brass bodies with (various finishes), incorporating quarter turn ceramic disc headworks with single lever operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. The product is supplied with an approved installation kit consisting of stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections with 15mm compression single check valve assembly (suitable for backflow protection against Fluid Category 2) verified by test that also incorporates an isolation valve, intended for installation at each inlet. Maximum working pressure 10.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 65°C.

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
2206917
Size:
Stainless-steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies with ½” BSP (F) captive nut end connections x 15mm compression.
Marking:
Bristan on indicies
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
30/06/2027
Model:
RP3 RS SNK EF BB

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#250503002

Range of single hole, single outlet (swivel) combination tap assemblies (chrome plated brass) bodies, incorporating non-rising spindle headworks with cross top operating members. The spout outlet incorporates a plastic flow straightener. Product supplied with a surface mounting kit comprising of Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies incorporating ½” BSP captive nut end connections with 15x15mm compression isolation valves that incorporate single check valve cartridges, however, the complete assembly has not been fully tested to demonstrate it provides backflow protection. Maximum working pressure 5.0 bar. Maximum operating temperature 60°C

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Section Subtitle:
Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
WRAS Approval Number:
250503002
Basis of Compliance:
Tested to regulators Specification Test Code Sheets
Size:
15mm Compression
Marking:
Bristan on operating members (indices)
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/05/2030
Model:
RG SNK EF C

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


#260103301

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Description:
A Range of Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
Deck Mounted Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible hose assemblies incorporating single check valve cartridges, however, the complete assembly has not been fully tested to demonstrate it provides backflow protection. Capable of achieving AUK3 Tap gap.
Basis of Compliance:
Tested to regulators Specification Test Code Sheets
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/12/2031

Product IdentificationSurface finishInlet DimensionMax Wrk. PressureMax Op. Temp.MarkingMarking LocationAll metals in the water pathway are on the 4msi positive listHeadworkFixing TypeSpout Outlet Includes
EC SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
EC SNK EF BBBrushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
EC SNK EF BLKBlack½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
EC SNK EF BNBrush Nickel½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
EC SNK EF GMGun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
BQSOL EFSNK CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 EC SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 EC SNK EF BBBrushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 EC SNK EF GMGun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
4648GChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
288489Black½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
288491Gun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311098Chrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
3311102Brushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311106Brush Nickel½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311162Black½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
MZ SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
MZ SNK EF BBBrushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
MZ SNK EF BLKBlack½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
MZ SNK EF BNBrush Nickel½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
MZ SNK EF GMGun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
BQMEN EFSNK BNBrush Nickel½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 MZ SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 MZ SNK EF BBBrushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 MZ SNK EF GMGun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
9087GChrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
288493Chrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
288503Brush Nickel½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311105Black½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311114Brushed Brass½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311125Gun Metal½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
311164Chrome½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskC-plate
RP3 EC SNK EF BLKBlack½” captive nut end connections.5 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/4 Turn ceramic discC-plate

Notes & Further Information

Model added February 2026: RP3 EC SNK EF BLK

Product Images

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturers:
Zhejiang Huanri Sanitation Co., Ltd

Print This Approval


#260103302

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Description:
A Range of Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
Deck mounted Stainless steel braided EPDM lined Inlet Hoses. Supplied with a 15mm compression isolation valves that incorporates an approved check valve cartridge (however the complete assembly has not been tested to demonstrate it provides backflow protection). Capable of achieving AUK3 Tap Gap
Basis of Compliance:
Tested to regulators Specification Test Code Sheets
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/01/2031

Product IdentificationSurface finishInlet DimensionMax Wrk. PressureMax Op. Temp.MarkingMarking LocationAll metals in the water pathway are on the 4msi positive listHeadworkFixing TypeSpout Outlet Includes
QST SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5.0 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/2 Turn ceramic diskC-plateFlow Straightener
DUL SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5.0 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/2 Turn ceramic diskC-plateFlow Straightener
RP3 DUL SNK EF CChrome½” captive nut end connections.5.0 bar60 °CBristanBodyNo1/2 Turn ceramic discC-plateFlow Straightener

Notes & Further Information

Model added February 2026: RP3 DUL SNK EF C

Product Images

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company
Manufacturers:
PPI Xiamen Industry Co Ltd

Print This Approval


#250803306

Section:
0470 Combination Tap Assemblies
Description:
A Single hole tap(s) with a single outlet and a swivel spout.
Deck Mounted. Stainless steel braided EPDM lined flexible inlet hose assemblies. Capable of achieving AUK3 Tap Gap. Supplied with a 15x15mm compression isolation valves that incorporate single check valve cartridges, however, the complete assembly has not been fully tested to demonstrate it provides backflow protection.
Basis of Compliance:
Tested to regulators Specification Test Code Sheets
Installation Requirements:
R001 R006 R010
Expiry date:
31/08/2030

Product IdentificationSurface finishInlet DimensionMax Wrk. PressureMax Op. Temp.MarkingMarking LocationAll metals in the water pathway are on the 4msi positive listHeadworkFixing TypeSpout Outlet Includes
N SNK EF CChrome15mm5.0 bar60 °CBristanHandleNo1/4 Turn ceramic diskNot ApplicableFlow Straightener
Product Images

Approval Holder:
Bristan Group Ltd.
Company Name
Bristan Group Ltd.
Address
Birch Coppice Business Park Dorden Tamworth
Postcode
B78 1SG
Country
United Kingdom
Phone
01827 254144
General Email
hmistry@bristan.com

View All Listings by this Company

Print This Approval


Show Per Page
5102050Show All

Back To Directory Sections

Page of 1

We use cookies to give you the best possible experience with WRAS. Some are essential to provide website functions and ensure the website is secure. We also use cookies to help us understand how people use the site and to make improvements. Click "Accept All" to enable recommended settings or click "Manage cookies" to adjust your settings. For more details, see our Cookie Policy.